Lub hwj chim system yog "lifeline" ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Loj -tej hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau kev tsim khoom lag luam, kev nyab xeeb kev noj qab haus huv, thiab kev nyab xeeb rau pej xeem, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho lub zog tawg. Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas thiaj li rov qab tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sai li sai tau tom qab muaj qhov loj ntawm - hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tawm hauv lub zog hluav taws xob thiab txo qhov kev poob qis rau kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb thiab siv tau. Dub pib yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau qhov teeb meem no.
I. Black Start yog dab tsi
1. Kev txhais ntawm Dub Pib
Kev pib dub yog hais txog cov txheej txheem kev tshaj lij uas, tom qab tag nrho cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob lossis ib cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam ntsib kev ua tiav tag nrho vim yog qhov ua txhaum loj, lub kaw lus maj mam rov kho lub zog pabcuam, pib lub zog tsim tawm, thiab thaum kawg ua tiav tag nrho daim phiaj hluav taws xob rov qab siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv uas muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kheej - pib (dub pib qhov chaw) thiab tsis muaj kev cia siab rau sab nraud lub zog txhawb nqa. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog "tsis muaj kev cia siab rau sab nraud lub zog," thiab nws cov ntsiab lus yog kev tsim kho lub zog ntawm lub zog los ntawm "lub xeev ntawm kev tawg" mus rau "lub xeev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov."
Kev muaj peev xwm pib dub tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm luv luv, txo kev poob nyiaj txiag thiab kev cuam tshuam hauv zej zog, ua kom muaj hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv tseem ceeb xws li chaw thauj mus los thiab chaw nres tsheb sib txuas lus, tswj kev nyab xeeb rau pej xeem, thiab txhim kho lub zog hluav taws xob "tiv thaiv- tsoo" thiab "rov qab nrawm" muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo xws li huab cua huab cua, khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm, thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm tib neeg.
2. Ib txwm siv txoj hauv kev rau Dub Pib
Kev pib dub ib txwm cia siab rau ib kauj ruam -los ntawm- cov txheej txheem kauj ruam: "Tus kheej- pib lub zog hluav taws xob → Txhim kho lub zog pabcuam → Pib- nce ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm loj → Seem synchronization thiab kev sib txuas → Tag nrho daim phiaj rov qab los." Lub hauv paus yog xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog "tus kheej- pib muaj peev xwm." Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb yog raws li nram no:
Txheeb xyuas qhov chaw pib dub: Xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem pib yam tsis muaj hluav taws xob sab nraud, feem ntau yog hydropower thiab me me roj turbines.
Restore Auxiliary Fais Fab: Lub qhov pib dub ua ntej muab lub zog rau lub tshuab pabcuam (piv txwv li, cov twj tso kua dej, kiv cua, tswj lub zog) ntawm cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob ib puag ncig (xws li cov nroj tsuag thermal lossis nuclear), ua kom cov khoom pabcuam ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Pib Main Generating Units: Tom qab lub zog pab tau rov qab los, maj mam pib lub zog tseem ceeb xws li thermal thiab nuclear units kom muaj peev xwm muab tau.
Seem Synchronization thiab Full Grid Restoration: Maj mam synchronize thiab txuas cov seem rov qab los ntawm daim phiaj nrog daim phiaj tseem ceeb, nthuav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom txog thaum tag nrho daim phiaj hluav taws xob rov qab ua tiav.
3. Cov kev txwv ntawm Kev Cai Dub Pib
Kev pib dub ib txwm cia siab rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li hydropower thiab me me roj turbines, tab sis lawv cov yam ntxwv ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab. Kev pib dub ib txwm muaj qhov muaj zog ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev vam meej: hydropower tso siab rau cov dej ntws thiab cov dej ntws thiab tsuas tuaj yeem xa mus rau thaj chaw tshwj xeeb; roj turbines xav tau kev txhawb nqa cov raj xa hluav taws xob, ua rau kev pabcuam hauv thaj chaw deb nyuaj. Lawv cov lus teb ceev kuj tseem qeeb: hydropower pib- siv sijhawm 30 feeb mus rau 2 teev, roj turbines siv sijhawm 10-30 feeb, tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov kev thov rau "feeb-theem rov qab los ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb." Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj turbines tso tawm CO₂ thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab muaj kev tu txhua yam, ua rau cov nqi ua haujlwm siab txhua xyoo.
II. Yuav Ua Li Cas Zog Cia Systems Ua Tau Dub Pib
Tsis yog txhua lub zog cia thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau pib dub. Lawv yuav tsum muaj peb yam tseem ceeb: "Tus kheej- pib muaj peev xwm (ua kom tsis muaj hluav taws xob sab nraud), "Sable tso zis muaj peev xwm (txhawb nqa lub zog txhawb nqa)", thiab "Wide voltage adaptability (xws li sib txawv zog cog interfaces)".
1. Tus kheej -Pib Tswj Technology
Lub zog cia nws tus kheej yuav tsum muaj lub peev xwm rau "ua kom tsis muaj zog sab nraud." Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no yog ua tiav tus kheej - pib los ntawm "cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaub qab + tswj lub tswv yim." Lub zog cia qhov system muaj ib qho ua tau - hauv UPS uas muab lub zog thawj zaug rau nws cov maub los, inverter, thiab cua txias system. Tom qab UPS qhib, tus maub los thawj zaug kuaj xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm lub zog khaws cia (cov roj teeb hlwb). Tom qab paub meej tias tsis muaj qhov yuam kev, nws pib lub inverter, hloov lub zog DC los ntawm cov chaw cia khoom mus rau AC lub zog (sib piv qhov hluav taws xob / zaus ntawm lub zog pabcuam lossis thauj khoom), thaum kawg ua tiav "autonomous power-on" rau lub zog cia.
2. Load Matching thiab Fais Fab Tswj Tshuab
Nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev pib dub, lub zog hloov pauv los ntawm kev thauj khoom tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog khaws cia kom dhau los yog muaj kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob. Cov thev naus laus zis hauv qab no yog siv los ua kom muaj kev sib txuam load:
Load Forecasting thiab Grading: Tau txais lub zog xav tau ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom kom rov qab ua ntej (piv txwv li, lub zog pabcuam yog li 10MW-50MW, lub tsev kho mob loads txog 1MW-5MW). Loads raug categorized rau hauv "yuav tsum-txhawb nqa" (piv txwv li, tswj systems, teeb pom kev zoo thaum muaj xwm ceev) thiab "delayable-pib loads" (piv txwv li, cov twj tso kua dej tsis tseem ceeb), ua ntej qhov yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa.
Droop Control: Siv lub droop tswj algorithm ntawm lub inverter los kho qhov tso zis voltage / zaus ntawm lub zog cia system raws li kev hloov pauv (xws li, zaus me ntsis txo qis tab sis tseem nyob hauv qhov kev txwv tsis pub dhau thaum thauj khoom nce), zam kev cuam tshuam lub zog.
Energy Storage Capacity Configuration: Xam qhov xav tau lub zog khaws cia raws li lub zog thauj khoom thiab lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau rov qab los. Formula: Zog Cia Peev Xwm=Load Power × Restoration Time × Safety Factor (safety factor feem ntau 1.2-1.5), kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog cia tsis tau depleted thaum lub sijhawm pib dub.
3. Grid Synchronization Technology
Tom qab lub zog khaws cia lub zog rov qab los rau cov khoom thauj hauv zos, nws yuav tsum tau synchronized thiab txuas nrog lwm qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob (xws li cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj, lub zog hluav taws xob tshiab) lossis daim phiaj loj. Cov tub ntxhais yog ua tiav synchronization hauv "voltage, zaus, thiab theem":
Siv cov cuab yeej synchronization kom paub tseeb- lub sij hawm txheeb xyuas qhov voltage amplitude, zaus, thiab theem sib txawv ntawm lub zog cia system thiab sab yuav txuas nrog.
Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv, tus maub los kho cov nqi hluav taws xob / tso tawm hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog cia (xws li kev tso tawm hluav taws xob kom nce zaus, kho lub inverter tso zis theem) kom txo tau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tso cai txwv (feem ntau qhov sib txawv voltage tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5%, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.2Hz, theem sib txawv tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5 Hz).
Thaum qhov sib txawv ua tau raws li tus qauv, siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom ua tiav "kev sib txuas mos" (muab maj mam nce lub zog txuas), tsis txhob cuam tshuam tam sim no uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom puas.
III. Cov ntsiab lus
Dub pib yog kab kawg ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Nrog rau lawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus teb ceev ceev, siab yooj, thiab tsis muaj kuab paug, lub zog cia tshuab tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv rau cov tsoos dub pib lub zog, ua si lub luag haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub zog tshiab, rau kev lav phib xaub tseem ceeb, thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub sijhawm ntev - lub sijhawm txuag hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis thiab txo cov nqi, lub zog cia cov tshuab yuav koom tes nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib txwm siv los tsim cov txheej txheem pib dub sib txuas ua ke "distributed + centralized", tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv - tsoo thiab rov qab sai rau lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm lub zog tshiab.